It began in Paris. One chapter in #What is free? (P136) from Public Genron 12, written by Shigeru Kashima, tells the story of how there was a bit of a controversy with advertising and promotion from companies like Coca-Cola leading up to the Tokyo Olympic Torch Relay. It was thought that advertising could have a tremendous effect if utilized by taking advantage of crowds gathering on the street. This idea was from the Meiji Era, when Tengu Cigarettes did it during Emperor Meiji's parade.
Advertising can be divided into two origins. 1. The idea that a flashy advertisement placed in a poorly located store would attract curious crowds. 2. The idea that even without putting in any effort to attract people, simply placing advertisements in places that already attract many people would certainly increase the promotion effect.
The precursor to the department store, known as the grand magasin de nouveauté, belongs to the second category. I was moved to tears when I went to a passage on 2023/3/21!! https://gyazo.com/048eed58911841f24a8c3ce27b57ebcf. # The world is fun with culture # Culture is necessary for enjoying the world.
In the end, advertising has become a game of finding a "topos," or a location where many people pass by. > topos: A Greek word meaning "place," which in the context of Aristotle and ancient rhetoric means a place (key point, viewpoint) from which to discover topics or subjects related to discussion. > https://kotobank.jp/word/トポス-161922.
The first to introduce the concept of a "virtual topos" that doesn't actually exist was political newspapers. > When did the "virtual crowded location" appear in France? After the collapse of the Napoleon Empire, the restoration of the monarchy recognized a certain degree of freedom of the press and publication in 1815. That is, newspapers such as Conservateur and Minerve Française, which were created to promote the ideologies of the Bourbon Royalist Party and Liberal Party, respectively, became the virtual "crowded locations" for spreading their political views. However, to tell the truth, hardly anyone recognized the latent potential of newspapers for this kind of advertisement.
Because people thought that they were limited to reading political commentaries that either attacked or defended the government, it was not particularly a main topic of interest even if that was not the case.
1. Primarily a partisan newspaper, fewer people who were able to read multiple newspapers.
2. Almost all content was political, with no space dedicated to other topics such as economics or culture.
3. While there were non-political newspapers, they were reservation-only and expensive.
4. The primary method of earning revenue was through net subscriptions (similar to today's concept of a subscription service), and the remaining space was used for newspaper advertisements.
In order to address these issues, Emile de Girardin created a newspaper that resembled a summary site.
Without a political stance, the "combination itself" was the main focus.
Subsequently sold tkgshn.icon*10
Even creating newspapers themselves posed an issue with printing costs.
The plan was neutralized through advertising.
In principle, the subscription price could be free.
Thanks to the groundbreaking attempt of making advertising income a foundation of newspaper management, the subscription fee for the newspaper was surprisingly cheap at 40 francs a year at the time.
https://kotobank.jp/word/ジラルダン-80914
A pioneer in free media, "La Presse."
The title was "The Press" in French, as it aimed to change journalism itself.
https://gyazo.com/4cc2cc142a3e2a14f9210215c34966ef
https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k426720s
Issue 1, July 1st 1836 Incredibly intelligent, genius of the Make unprofitable things profitable.
Supplemental information/documents
Found some relevant information.
Exploring the Development of the French Newspaper Industry (1) - From the Founding Period to the French Revolution - Napoleon and the Newspaper Industry
The History of the French Newspaper Industry is available.
1. Periodicals: If we define newspapers as periodicals, then they date back to the reign of Louis XIII.
Official Gazette is an example. tkgshn.icon*3
2. Introduction of Daily Newspapers
Le Journal de Paris: Paris Newspaper
Courrier was created.
Afterwards, the French Revolution led to the publication of the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.
Abolition of censorship and all prior censorship permits has given me *press freedom*!!!!!!!!!!tkgshn.icon*13
Too hot
https://gyazo.com/c9a5b7b26c186cbbc67efbefe133b812
A political newspaper (Debate Newspaper) has been published
Le Journal Des Debats
La Gazette Nationale ou Moniteur Universel (Le Moniteur)
Free started from Paris #61e2a82209c5f200002658dc
https://gyazo.com/2fbeb2babea1355ce9fe23a62d5f7e74
https://gyazo.com/c46ffeadb922ed90b69bf72d53290ac0